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Thanks to computer technology, people have to be able to process a lot of data and achieve storage. Owing to computers, people have been able to achieve higher processing speeds. They are also able to carry out important transactions with great accuracy and precision. Computers of the earlier times were of a larger size and they used to consume lots of electrical power. Here are different types of computers in the modern world.

Supercomputers

Supercomputers are the most expensive and the fastest kinds of computers. They can perform superior calculations and intensive tasks. Mechanics, quantum physics, molecular theory, and weather forecasting are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their well-designed memory hierarchy and their ability to process parallel things give the computers greater transaction processing powers. A typical supercomputer can do up to a trillion or more individual calculations every second.

Server computers

Server computers are at a lower level as compared to supercomputers. They try to solve complex problems, but do not focus on single problems alone. An instance of server computers would be those that Wikipedia stores its encyclopaedia on. These computers go and search the pages that you are looking for. However, it becomes a job for a server when the computers have to go and find lots of people and send them to the right place. They are usually large in size and they have many hard drives and large processors. Running on them are the programs that allocate resources and serve client requests. They are designed to be resistant to crash and fail safe. A server is a central computer, which comprises lots of programs and data.

Personal computers

A personal computer is also known as a microcomputer or a PC. The capabilities of a personal computer have changed greatly ever since electronic computers were introduced. The introduction of a single-chip microprocessor with all the circuitry in it became highly popular. Early personal computers were sold in the forms of kits and in limited volumes. Home computers were developed for personal use in the 1970s and the 1980s. They offered some personal productivity. Today, a personal computer is an all-round device that can be a media server, a productivity tool, as well as a gaming machine.

Workstations

Not only are workstations expensive, but also high end. They are named improperly sometimes for marketing reasons. Earlier, real workstations were never sold at retail stores, but now this is changing gradually.

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A computer can be defined as a general purpose device that can easily be programmed in order to carry a set of logical and arithmetic operations in an automatic manner. Since a sequence of various operations can be changed easily, the computer is capable of solving more than one kind of a problem. On a conventional basis, a computer consists of at least one element for processing that is typically called a central processing unit. This processing unit or element is responsible for carrying logical as well as arithmetic operations.

In this world it is impossible to even imagine that any person can survive without a computer. These computers have become an electronic device for any particular individual as they are used on a daily basis. They are essential in all the dealings related to businesses. The business industry is the industry that has gained a lot because of the existence of computers. These computers have gained this amount of popularity because they have improved a lot in terms of productivity and efficiency. There is a very large amount of information in the business and industrial sectors and also in the personal lives and all this information is stored in the computers.

The staff and workers of any particular business can become very efficient just be making proper use of all the computers that are available at their disposal. The businesses can save a lot of valuable time by executing all their tasks and works on super speed computers. For example the accounting procedure has become very easy because of the existence of software that can be used on the computers. Schools, colleges and various other educational institutions also make good use of the computers. Marks, attendance and student history are something that are stored in the computers for future usage.

The media and entertainment industries have also benefitted a lot because of computers. In fact these industries cannot survive without the existence of computers. The portability of computer devices is also something that has benefitted the general public. Laptops, tablets and palmtops have replaced the traditional desktop computers and because of this decrease in size, it has become very easy to use a computer. This importance of computers can easily be judged by simply looking at the number of people using them on a daily basis. It is used by people of all age groups and not only by professionals.

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Cloud Computing, a computing paradigm is one of the easiest means of accessing and storing data over the Internet, instead of storing data in the computer hard drive. It is also recognized as a large pool of systems that helps us to remain connected with private or public networks and to provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for data, file storage and application.

With the launch of this technology, it significantly abridged the storage of content, delivery, cost of computation, and application hosting. It has a potential of transforming a data center from a capital-intensive set up to a variable priced milieu.

According to one of the research industries – Forrester, defines Cloud Computing as a pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed compute infrastructure capable of hosting end customer applications and billed by consumption. Whereas, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed the definition of Cloud Computing as a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with a minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

The characteristic of Cloud Computing consists of self-service, where a customer can request and manage their own computing resources. An access to the broad network permits service to be available for the private networks or the Internet. This technology provides a pool of shared resources, where the customer draws from a pool of computing resources, usually in a remote data centre.

Cloud Computing service models

The services of Cloud Computing are clustered in three categories – Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS).

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

In this service model, the cloud based applications are offered to the customer, as a service on demand. It is a single instance of the service that runs on distant computers “in the cloud” which are owned and operated by others and gets connected to users’ computers via the Internet and, usually, a web browser. Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Flickr and Google are all examples of SaaS, though users able to access the services via any Internet enabled device.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)

The platform-as-a-service (PaaS) model is a level above the Software-as-a-Service setup and provides hardware, network and operating system, so that a customer can design its own application and software. In order to meet the requirements of the applications such as scalability and manageability, a predefined combination of Operating System OS and application servers is offered by PaaS providers such as restricted J2EE, LAMP platform (Linux, Apache, MySql and PHP), etc., for example, at every stage of the process to develop, test and ultimately host their websites, web developers can use individual PaaS environments.

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) is a basic computing and storage capability, which is provided by a standardized service over the network. This model has made the workload easier by pooling data centre space, storage systems, networking equipment, servers, etc. together and making them available. In addition to it, the customer can develop and install its own operating systems, software and applications.

Cloud Computing deployment models

To make available and to deploy applications, enterprises can choose Cloud Computing on Public, Private or Hybrid clouds. In order to determine the right cloud path for each organization, Cloud Integrators play a vital role.

Public Cloud

By and large, services provided by a public cloud are offered over the Internet and are operated and owned by companies, which use it to offer swift access to reasonable computing resources to other organizations or individuals. Through this deployment model, consumers don’t need to purchase supporting infrastructure, hardware or software, which is owned and managed by providers.

Private Cloud

In this deployment model, the infrastructure of the cloud is solely operated for a specific organization and is managed by the organization or a third party. While providing more control of resources and steering clear of multi-tenancy, private clouds exist to take advantage of the various cloud’s efficiencies.

Hybrid Clouds

This deployment model of Cloud Computing coalesces both public and private cloud models. A service provider can utilize third party Cloud Providers in a full or partial manner amid hybrid clouds, and thus escalating the flexibility of computing.

Hence, for the everyday computer user, this technology provides numerous options as well as to large and small businesses. And for organizations and individuals, Cloud Computing offers benefits, and the action moves to the interface flanked by multiple groups of service consumers and suppliers.

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Data is going to be the next big thing in the next decade and with the amount of data that will be handled increasing with an increase in its uses, we will require tremendous amounts of storage space to store such vast amounts of data. Cloud storage is one model of storing such humungous amounts of data in virtual space. It is a form of networked online storage system that are hosted by third party servers. The hosting companies themselves are depositories of large data centres and the people who require the data stored on the virtual storage either buys or lease storage capacity from these third party data centres.

Essentially the data centre operators, in the background, virtualise the resources required with the feedback from the end user who uses the servers. The uniqueness about cloud computing is that it allows users to use applications without installation on their personal computers and laptops and access their personal files at any location using the internet platform. This facility provided by the internet allows users to centralize data storage, processing and bandwidth. The humble email that we use for our daily communication uses is a good example of cloud computing.

When talking about the types of cloud computing we are able to list down the following types:

Infrastructure as a service

Platform as a service

Software as a service

Storage as a service

Security as a service

Data as a service

Test environment as a service

Desktop as a service

API as a service

The business model used in-house by organizations offering cloud computing is IT as a service, which can be abbreviated as ITaas. Using this service as the primary drivers of your organizations requires a lot of commitment from your side as it is very laborious to set up but once set up can be easily leveraged to serve your business needs.

Some systems that enjoy a similar stature in the IT enabled services domain are the following:

Autonomic computing

Client-server model

Grid computing

Mainframe computer

Utility computing

Peer-to-peer

Cloud gaming

When we talk of autonomic computing we mean these are computer systems which are capable of self management. In case of the client server model, it is any distributed application that helps distinguish between servers and clients. Grid computing involves a network composed of super and virtual computers forming a group and acting either in the form of distributed computing or parallel computing. Mainframe computers are large computers used by organizations used invariably for bulk data processing like censuses, etc.

Utility computing can be compared to other metered utilities such as electricity and it involves the packaging of computing resources such as computation and storage. Distributed architecture which does not need central coordination in which participants are both suppliers and consumers of resources is peer to peer computing. Cloud gaming is an application that is also called as on-demand gaming and is a good way of delivering games to computers. The gaming data is stored in the gaming service provider’s computer and it can be accessed at will with the use of a user name and password.

The writer of this article is a graduate civil engineer and a freelance writer. After working for 15 years in the construction industry, he took up content writing in order to showcase case his experience. He started writing so much that he took up writing on other niches too. He can be contacted on hary12121973@gmail.com

Cloud computing is considered as a practice of making use of a network for remote servers which could be hosted on the internet to store, manage as well as process data without making use of a local server or personal computer. Let us take a close look on purposes of cloud computing and the benefits as well as drawbacks.

Objectives of Cloud Computing

Before deciding whether to choose these services or not, a clear definition about the applications of software also has to be understood clearly. This might include the user functions, data functions along with the most important attributes about the software as a business system.

Access – Businesses should be able to identify which users, agencies, clients and staffs require access to the functionalities of software and the data that requires to be manipulated. Similarly it also controls what kind of access to the networks is made available to all.

Availability – The availability is yet another purpose of cloud computing and this requires the time at which the access is required whether it is during day or weekends etc. Furthermore it also includes how long the cloud computing could be made unavailable for users followed by how critical is access for the specific system.

Budget – The extent of impact budget issues and timing issues could have on a possible solution is also among some of the most important purposes of cloud computing.

Backup and Recovery – This includes the speed at which the system could be made available again once it goes down. The rate at which the data could continuously change and the total amount of data that is likely going to be there.

Data Sharing – Whether there are any other software systems or data systems that have the ability to share information with this software and whether the data sharing is performed in real-time or batched and whether it is automated or manual?

Security – The importance and security of data for the company and whether there are any legal or other security requirements for the data as well as software interface.

Cloud Computing Advantages

Now let’s go through the benefits as well as drawbacks of cloud computing. The ability of cloud computing to transform the way in which companies could make use of technology for servicing customers, partners, suppliers and thereby offering them with enhanced ability and agility are considered as the most important advantages of cloud computing.

Some of the key benefits are explained in detail below.

Cost Efficiency – Cloud computing avoids the need for businesses to invest in stand-alone software as well as servers. Companies can avoid additional costs that are otherwise associated with licensing fees, data storage costs, costs for software updates as well as management by means of utilizing the cloud capabilities. The availability of one time payments followed by the ability to pay while on the go is among some of the benefits that helps save on costs. Cloud computing avoids the need for on-site servers as the businesses and their data are stored in a virtual space. Similarly it reduces the need for in-house IT staffs as most of the manual updates are tasks that have to be done by a system administrator and it would be fulfilled by cloud computing by making use of resource APIs. The hosting servers would be actively monitored, maintained and upgraded with the help of cloud providers.

Availability Any Time – The continuous availability and location independence that helps with data storage, computing as well as networking is also made possible with cloud computing. Thus information can be accessed easily and similarly user requirements could be accommodated even if they are in different time zones and geographic locations.

Simplified Data Recovery and Backup – As the whole data resides on cloud rather than a physical device, the process of data recovery and backup is simplified. The data could be stored off-site and could be easily copied to different servers in various locations. Thus businesses can retrieve the data from other backup networks even though one might go down. The software program of the backup service will encrypt the data in a computer prior to sending it to the cloud. The virus or infection can also be detected before sending the data with the help of this technology.

Redundancy and Scalability – Resiliency is a major benefit as it defines that the data centers and its components such as servers and storage would continue to function even though some kind of disruption do occurs. It is also scalable which means even smaller companies could get immense value in using data centers that help them manage their cloud computing.

Storage – Compared to a personal computer, cloud computing has the ability to store much more data and can prove to be of use for smaller, medium and larger companies with almost unlimited storage capacity on offer.

Device Independence – It could be accessed from any device which has access to the internet making it device-independent in its characteristics. This means that any device which has a browser as well as an internet connection could leverage the benefits of these services.

Drawbacks:-

Even though there are quite a huge number of advantages, some drawbacks are also there for cloud computing.

Some of the drawbacks of cloud computing are as follows.

Data Breaches

Data Loss

Hacking of account or service credentials

Presence of an insecure interface – Interfaces is an important requirement for cloud provisioning, management as well as monitoring and is used commonly by IT administrators. At the same time, APIs is integral to security as well as availability of general cloud services which leads to a possibility of risk as companies will be required to surface their credentials to third-parties so as to enable their agency.

Insufficient knowledge about the cloud environment – Companies that does not have complete awareness about the cloud environment are at a higher risk compared to those who have a clear understanding about cloud computing technology.

Risk of shared vulnerabilities – Even though the infrastructure, platforms and applications are shared by cloud service providers for delivering the services in a scalable way, there is a greater risk of shared vulnerabilities which is known to exist in almost all delivery models.

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